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TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd. (株式会社トムス・エンタテインメント, Kabushiki-gaisha Tomusu Entateinmento), formerly known as the Kyokuichi Corporation,^[c] is a Japanese animation studio owned by Sega Corporation based in Nakano, Tokyo with its offices in Nakano and its studios in Chūō.

TMS is one of the oldest and most renowned animation studios in Japan, known for its numerous anime franchises such as Detective Conan, Lupin the Third, and Anpanman.^[4] Aside from animation production, the company also handles program sales and character licensing.

TMS Entertainment is the animation business company of the Sega Group and a well-established animation studio with its origins in Tokyo Movie. Originally established in 1946 as a textile manufacturer, the company entered animation when they merged with animation studio Tokyo Movie Shinsha to start an animation production business, known as the Kyokuichi Tokyo Movie^[d] division or TMS-Kyokuichi.^[e]^[3]^[4]

Tokyo Movie Shinsha was one of the five major studios in the early days of Japanese animation, producing and/or animating a string of popular works from the 1960s to the 1970s, including Obake no Q-Tarō, Star of the Giants, Moomin, Attack No. 1, Tensai Bakabon, Lupin the 3rd Part I, Aim for the Ace!, and Gamba no Bouken.^[5]

TMS has studios 1 through 7 under its production headquarters, each with a nickname for the work they are involved in, such as Studio 1, 3xCube, Trois Studios, Rogue Studio, and Double Eagle. Each studio has its own production and management staff, including producers and production assistants. As for animators, each studio contracts them on a work-by-work basis. However, head creators sometimes have exclusive contracts and are given their own desks within the company to work on.^[3]

In addition to its own studios, TMS has wholly owned animation studios such as Telecom Animation Film, TMS Jinni's (former Jinni's Animation Studio) and Toon Additional Pictures.^[4]

Throughout the 1980s and the 1990s, TMS and its subsidiaries, Telecom Animation Film and South Korea-based Seoul Movie, animated for various companies, including DiC, Disney Television Animation, Warner Bros. Animation, Marvel Films Animation, Studio Ghibli, Madhouse, Production I.G, Sunrise, Bones, ShoPro, Shogakukan Music & Digital Entertainment among others,^[6] Since the early 2000s, TMS itself has no longer supplied animation services to Western studios due to increasingly demanding costs,^[6]^[7] although there have been a few exceptions such as Green Lantern: First Flight (2009) and Superman vs. The Elite (2012). While it still produces feature films, these films are primarily spinoffs from existing anime properties, which include the likes of Anpanman and Detective Conan.^{[citation needed]}

tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ "COMPANY OVERVIEW". TMS ENTERTAINMENT CO., LTD. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ "会社概要" [COMPANY OVERVIEW]. Toyo Keizai Online (in Japanese). TMS ENTERTAINMENT CO., LTD. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c "トムス・エンタテインメント鈴木義治社長"新たな事業領域に対応"" [TMS Entertainment President Yoshiharu Suzuki: "Adapting to new business areas"] (in Japanese). bunkatsushin.com. October 16, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c "外部スタジオ制作作品をプロデュース、トムスが「UNLIMITED PRODUCE プロジェクト」スタート" [TMS started "UNLIMITED PRODUCE Project" to produce works produced by outside studios] (in Japanese). Animation Business Journal. July 1, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ "宮崎駿も降板、壮大すぎたアニメ「NEMO/ニモ」映画より面白い制作過程!" [Director Hayao Miyazaki also quit the project. The production process of the overly grandiose animation "Nemo", more interesting than the film itself!]. Re:minder (in Japanese). November 22, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b "About us | テレコム・アニメーションフィルムオフィシャルサイト". Telecom. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
^ Cybersix: The Complete Series DVD Commentary

History

[edit]

Prehistory of TMS Entertainment (Kyokuichi)

[edit]

In 1946, Asahi Glove Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (アサヒ手袋製造株式会社, Asahi Tebukuro Seizō Kabushiki-gaisha) was founded in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture and the trade name was soon changed to Kyokuichi Knitting & Weaving Co., Ltd. (旭一編織株式会社, Kyokuichi Amiori Kabushiki-gaisha).^[1]

The company changed its name to Kyokuichi Co., Ltd. (株式会社キョクイチ, Kabushiki-gaisha Kyokuichi) in 1947, and then to Kyokuichi Shine Industries Co., Ltd. (旭一シャイン工業株式会社, Kyokuichi Shain Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) in 1957, and was listed on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.

The company established Shine Mink Co., Ltd. in Sapporo, Hokkaido in 1961, opened a mink breeding farm and began its fur business in 1962, and merged with Shine Mink in 1974 to form the Mink Division.

In 1989, Kyokuichi Shine Industries was acquired by Watchman Group, a mass retail group of watches and home appliances, and changed its business format to entertainment business.

Prehistory of TMS Entertainment (Tokyo Movie and Tokyo Movie Shinsha)

[edit]

In 1964, Yutaka Fujioka, a former staff of the puppet theater company Hitomi-za (人形劇団ひとみ座, Ningyō Gekidan Hitomi-za), established the animation studio Tokyo Movie Co., Ltd.^[a] with investment from Tokyo Broadcasting System.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Inspired by the broadcast of the first domestically produced animated TV series Astro Boy on Fuji Television the previous year, TBS encouraged Fujioka, who was working at Tokyo Ningyo Cinema (東京人形シネマ, Tōkyō Ningyō Shinema), the film production division of Hitomi-za, which had produced puppet theater programs for the station, to establish a studio.

The studio's first production was an animated adaptation of Osamu Tezuka's Big X.^[2] However, because all the staff came from puppet theater backgrounds and were unfamiliar with animation, the studio suffered a huge loss and fell into financial crisis.

In order to restore management, the studio received capital participation from the TV production company Kokusai Hōei (formerly Shintoho). Fujioka, the founder of the company, was demoted to director and head of the production department, and Rokuzo Abe of Kokusai Hōei was appointed as the new president.

In 1965, Fujioka established A Production to rebuild the production system, and Tokyo Movie formed a business alliance with A Production as an actual animation production company. Fujioka approached Daikichirō Kusube, who had left Toei Animation and was working as a freelancer, and by making him the representative of A Production, he succeeded in inviting talented Toei creators such as Tsutomu Shibayama, Yoshio Kabashima, and Keisuke Morishita. Fujioka also welcomed Isao Takahata, Hayao Miyazaki, Yasuo Ōtsuka, and Yōichi Kotabe, who had been forced out of Toei for overspending on The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Early directors, such as Tadao Nagahama and Masaaki Ōsumi, were all from puppet theater companies with no animation experience, but they produced a series of hits, including Obake no Q-Tarō, Star of the Giants, and Attack No. 1. Thanks to them, Tokyo Movie became independent from Kokusai Hōei in 1971, and Fujioka returned as president. The studio continued to produce a string of hits thereafter, including Tensai Bakabon, Lupin the 3rd Part I, Aim for the Ace!, and Gamba no Bouken.^[8]

Fujioka invested in Madhouse when it was founded in 1972.^{[citation needed]}

In 1975, Tokyo Movie established Telecom Animation Film to train animators who could draw full animations.^[9]^[10]

Feeling the limitations of the Japanese animation business, Fujioka dreamed of expanding to the United States and making full animation films that could compete with Disney. However, since limited animation, which had been adopted and developed by Osamu Tezuka, was the mainstream in Japan, he planned to establish a new animation studio that would handle full animation and use it as a base to produce joint Japanese-US animated films.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Fujioka chose the legendary American comic strip Little Nemo as the basis for his animated film, and began acquiring the film rights in 1977.^[9]^[10] Telecom received over 1,000 applications for its employee recruitment, and Fujioka hired 43 people with no animation production experience. Rather than hiring animators with limited animation production experience, Fujioka chose to hire inexperienced amateurs and train them to become first-class animators who could draw full animations. Telecom invited Sadao Tsukioka, who was considered a genius, as a lecturer for the first year, and Yasuo Ōtsuka the following year.^[8]

In June 1976, Tokyo Movie spun off its sales division to establish Tokyo Movie Shinsha Co., Ltd.,^[b] and the original Tokyo Movie was absorbed into it.^[2] Kusube and A Production terminated its business alliance with Tokyo Movie, changed its name to Shin-Ei Animation, and began its own path.

In the summer of 1978, Fujioka acquired the film rights to Little Nemo.^[8]^[10] However, due to difficulties in raising funds and securing staff, production was slow to begin, so Telecom produced TV series and movies under Ōtsuka, including Lupin the 3rd Part II.^[10] Ōtsuka approached Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata, with Miyazaki directing the second Lupin the 3rd film, The Castle of Cagliostro, and Takahata directing Jarinko Chie.^[8]

Fujioka frequently invited Hollywood film professionals to screen the two films to promote the production capabilities of Telecom and Japanese animation industry, which at the time was underrated in the United States. These films attracted attention, especially among young animators, including John Lasseter.^[10] The event also drew an unexpected response, with Telecom receiving requests to produce a TV series from countries outside the U.S., including Italy.^[11]

In the U.S., the studio took on subcontracting work for production companies such as Disney, Warner Bros., and Filmation, and became proficient in the art of full animation.^[12]

In the early 1980s, Tokyo Movie Shinsha (TMS) began working on international co-productions by big-name directors with the goal of expanding overseas.^[13] TMS partnered with the French (later American) company DiC as an overseas subcontractor to produce animation for the company in 1980.^[c] Two Japanese-French co-productions, Ulysses 31^[d] in 1981, directed by Tadao Nagahama, and Lupin VIII^[e] in 1982, directed by Rintaro, were produced in cooperation with DIC.

TMS began production of the Japanese-Italian co-production TV series Sherlock Hound in 1981 at the request of RAI, the Italian national public broadcasting company. The series was directed by Hayao Miyazaki and animated by Telecom Animation Film.^[13]^[14] However, the collaboration was dissolved after six episodes were produced, and the remaining 20 episodes were subsequently financed by Japanese companies. Kyosuke Mikuriya took over as director, and with Telecom leaving to focus on the film Nemo, TMS outsourced the animation to the fledgling studio Gallop.^[14] Osamu Dezaki directed the largest number of animated co-productions, including Mighty Orbots,^[f] Bionic Six, and Sweet Sea.^[g]^[13]

In the spring of 1981, Fujioka received an investment from Lake, a consumer finance company, and established Kineto TMS, a U.S. incorporated company, to begin full-scale production of the film Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland.^[8]^[11]

The initial production budget was reported to be about 3.6 billion yen (16 million dollars at the exchange rate in 1981).^[15] Under Fujioka's grand order to produce a world-class animation film, creators from Japan and abroad were assembled. Many prominent figures were involved in the production, including Hayao Miyazaki, Isao Takahata, Osamu Dezaki, Yasuo Ōtsuka, Ray Bradbury, Jean Giraud (Mœbius), and Chris Columbus.^[11]^[16]^[17] However, the production ran into difficulties due to various crosscurrents between Japan and the U.S. Miyazaki and Takahata, who were originally slated to direct the film, dropped out of the project, and the staff was replaced one by one in the following years.^[9]^[15]

In 1982, Fujioka secured the cooperation of Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston from Disney's Nine Old Men. In the summer of that year, at their invitation, Miyazaki, Takahata, Ōtsuka, and other Japanese staff members visited the U.S. under the guise of training. While the Japanese staff members were greatly inspired by the two during their training, when the two saw the sketches drawn by Miyazaki, they said there was nothing they could teach them.^[8]^[18]

Young American animators who had heard rumors of the Nemo production also came to Kineto TMS to sell themselves, including John Lasseter and Brad Bird, who reportedly met Miyazaki there for the first time. Bird brought in his own film and unofficially drew several image boards.^[15]^[18] Fujioka succeeded in meeting George Lucas and asked him to be the American producer, but he declined, saying he was busy with the new Star Wars and Indiana Jones films, and instead recommended Gary Kurtz, who was also a producer on Star Wars.^[8]^[9] Fujioka from Japan was appointed line producer, and Kurtz from the United States was appointed film producer.^[9]^[11]

Kurtz recommended Ray Bradbury as the screenwriter, and the project got underway.^[8]^[11] When the Japanese production team was handed the first draft of Bradbury's screenplay, they wondered if it was too philosophical to be entertaining.^[11] Miyazaki presented various ideas for the script to Kurtz, but he never adopted them.^[h]^[8]^[18]

Kurtz was executive-producing Return to Oz for Disney at this time and spent most of his time in London and New York, visiting the site of Nemo in Los Angeles only once a month, and then for just a couple of hours in the afternoon.^[19] Due to conflicts with Kurtz, Miyazaki resigned from Telecom in November 1982, and Takahata in March 1983.^[8]^[18] Kurtz's dictatorship continued, and the project went astray. The directors changed one after another, and the team went all to bits. The production budget of 4.5 billion yen (19 million dollars at the 1984 rate) ran out before the animation work began, and the project was suspended in August 1984.^[8]^[9]^[18]

In June 1988, TMS dissolved its own production division, Tokyo Movie, and absorbed it; Tokyo Movie would continue as a TMS subsidiary until 1993.^[2]

Fujioka resumed production after securing an additional investment of 1 billion yen (6.9 million dollars at the 1987 rate) from Lake in 1987 and terminated his contract with Kurtz and took full responsibility for the film, becoming executive producer himself.^[9]^[18] The film was completed in 1988 and released in Japan in July 1989, and received mixed reviews, it ended up grossing around 900 million yen (7 million dollars at the 1988 rate) at the box office.^[9] It was released in the United States in 1992 in 2,300 theaters and sold 4 million videos, but the production costs were not recouped.^[15]^[18] The film took about seven years to complete (it took 10 years for the U.S. release), and production costs eventually rose to 5.5 billion yen (43.3 million dollars at the 1992 rate).^[16]^[17]

The main staff changed constantly, and later left behind a vast number of ideas, designs, and sketches submitted by various creators,^[i] scenarios by Bradley, Columbus, most of which were never used, and others, and pilots in three versions: Sadao Tsukioka's version, Yoshifumi Kondō and Kazuhide Tomonaga's version, and Osamu Desaki's version.^[8]^[17]

It was an unprecedented project in the history of Japanese animation, but it ended in failure, and Fujioka took responsibility for it, relinquished all rights related to Tokyo Movie, and retired from the industry.^[5]^[9] Although Fujioka's ambitions ended in failure, Nemo left a great legacy, laying the foundation for the subsequent expansion of Japanese animation into the American market and also pioneering exchanges between Japan and the US in animation, such as the relationship between Miyazaki and the Nine Old Men.^[18] The composition of members at Telecom Animation Film for animated feature films directed by Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata also served as a stepping stone for the transfer of Toei Animation's feature film production techniques to Studio Ghibli.^[5]

History of TMS Entertainment

[edit]

This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (January 2025)

Kyokuichi Co., Ltd. opened its first amusement arcade in 1991, and joined the Sega Group in 1992 through a business alliance with Sega and Sega Toys.^[20] In the same year, Tokyo Movie Shinsha became a subsidiary of Sega through a stock acquisition.

On November 1, 1995, Sega absorbed Tokyo Movie Shinsha into Kyokuichi, with Kyokuichi as the surviving company.^[1]^[2] In conjunction with this merger, Kyokuichi made Telecom Animation Film and TMS Photo, which were subsidiaries of Tokyo Movie Shinsha, its own subsidiaries. Kyokuichi established a Tokyo branch office and launched its animation production division, Tokyo Movie Division. The name of the company was credited as Kyokuichi Tokyo Movie in the anime works produced at that time, however international prints used the TMS-Kyokuichi name.

In 1996 the Los Angeles studio was established.^[1]

On January 1, 2000, Kyokuichi changed its name to TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd.^[j]^[1]^[2] The name Tokyo Movie remained as the name of the animation production division and as the brand name for animation production.

In 2003, the company completely withdrew from the textile business.^{[citation needed]} Since then, animation production and amusement arcade operations were the two mainstays of its business.

In 2003, American brokerage group Merrill Lynch became the second-largest shareholder in TMS Entertainment after acquiring a 7.54 percent stake in the studio. Merrill Lynch purchased the stake purely for investment purposes and had no intention of acquiring control of the firm's management.^[21]

In 2005, Sega Sammy Holdings acquired a 50.2% stake in TMS Entertainment, making it a subsidiary.^[22]

In 2006, the Tokyo branch was reorganized as the Tokyo headquarters and merged with the Head Office in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture. The headquarters then moved to Shinjuku, Tokyo.^[1] The Los Angeles studio was reorganized as TMS ENTERTAINMENT, USA, INC.^[1]

In February 2007, TMS Entertainment announced the completion of its fourth Tokyo studio (Building D) in Nakano, Tokyo. The company stated that Shinjuku would thereafter serve as the base for its corporate division and Nakano as the base for its production division.^[23]

In 2008, the company withdrew from the amusement arcade business and concentrated its business on animation production.

In 2010, TMS Entertainment was delisted and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sega Sammy Holdings through a share exchange.^[24]

In 2011, the credits for Detective Conan were changed to TMS Entertainment, and animation production under the Tokyo Movie name ended.

In November 2012, TMS relocated its headquarters to Nakano, Tokyo.^[1]^[2]

TMS Entertainment took a stake in Jinni's Animation Studio, a VFX and CG production company, in 2013 and made it a group company in 2015. With that, the company name was changed to TMS Jinni's.

In November 2013, a new studio was completed in Nakano, Tokyo.

In April 2015, the Sega Sammy Holdings was reorganized to form the new Sega Group. TMS Entertainment became a wholly owned subsidiary of the newly established Sega Holdings.^[20]^[25]

Marza Animation Planet moved from being part of Sega Holdings to being part of TMS Entertainment in April 2017. TMS Entertainment transferred all of the digital content planning, development, and production business owned by its subsidiary TOCSIS to Marza Animation Planet in April 2019.^[26]

In July 2021, TMS Entertainment announced the launch of the Unlimited Produce Project. The project is characterized by its focus on collaboration with outside studios to strengthen production operations such as planning, production, business, and promotion of works. The first project is Resident Evil: Infinite Darkness, which was distributed worldwide on Netflix from July 8, 2021, and was produced in collaboration with CG studio Quebico.^[27]

In April 2023, Marza Animation Planet moved from under TMS Entertainment to under its parent company, Sega.^[26]

In 2024, TMS Entertainment transferred the 3DCG video production business of its subsidiary TMS Jinni's to its subsidiary Toms Photo through a company split.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "思い出のキャラ図鑑". Ningyonoie.com. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
^ "COMPANY INFORMATION". TMS ENTERTAINMENT CO., LTD. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "日本のアニメ100周年記念「これからのアニメとこれまでのアニメ」" [Commemorating the 100th anniversary of Japanese anime: "Anime of the future and anime of the past"]. Anime NEXT_100 (in Japanese). The Association of Japanese Animations. March 12, 2020. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ "Hayao Miyazaki //". Nausicaa.net. January 5, 1941. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
^ Odell, Collin; le Blanc, Michelle (June 26, 2015). "Background". Studio Ghibli: The Films of Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata (Second ed.). Kamera Books. ISBN 978-1843444893. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Nishikawa, Akiyuki (September 22, 2019). "日本アニメ海外進出の先鞭をつけた野心作 NEMO ニモ(東宝東和)" [Nemo (Toho Towa), an ambitious work that pioneered the overseas expansion of Japanese animation.]. Magmix (in Japanese). Media Vague. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "宮崎駿監督幻の米デビュー作「リトル・ニモ」企画途中で離脱も、数々の出会いと「名作」が生まれ...(1)" [Director Hayao Miyazaki's elusive US debut film "Little Nemo": Despite his departure midway through the project, many encounters and a "masterpiece" were born... (1)]. Magmix (in Japanese). Media Vague. December 2, 2021. p. 1. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "宮崎駿監督幻の米デビュー作「リトル・ニモ」企画途中で離脱も、数々の出会いと「名作」が生まれ...(2)" [Director Hayao Miyazaki's elusive US debut film "Little Nemo": Despite his departure midway through the project, many encounters and a "masterpiece" were born... (2)]. Magmix (in Japanese). Media Vague. December 2, 2021. p. 2. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ "練馬にいた! アニメの巨人たち第16回高畑勲さん(アニメーション映画監督)その2" [They were in Nerima! Giants of Anime Vol. 16: Isao Takahata (animation film director) Part 2] (in Japanese). Nerima Animation Site. October 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c "アニメ様の七転八倒第160回大物監督達の海外合作作品" [Anime-sama's Seven Ups and Eight Downs No. 160: International co-productions by big-name directors]. WEB Anime Style (in Japanese). Style. July 3, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b "アニメ様の七転八倒第159回無音で上映された「名探偵ホームズ」" [Anime-sama's Seven Ups and Eight Downs No. 159: "Sherlock Hound" shown without sound]. WEB Anime Style (in Japanese). Style. July 2, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "【1980年代 (3)】宮崎駿作品でもヒットしなかった時代" [[1980s (3)] The era when even Hayao Miyazaki's works were not hits]. Kakuyomu (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. December 2, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b "日本最小のフィルム映画館で傑作アニメ「リトル・ニモ」が現代に蘇る! 《「リトル・ニモ」と80年代テレコム・アニメーションの世界》開催" ["Little Nemo" comes back to life in Japan's smallest film cinema! "Little Nemo and the World of Telecom Animation in the 80s" will be held]. valuepress (in Japanese). Cinema Novecento. April 5, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Oguro, Yuichiro (November 21, 2005). "アニメ様の七転八倒第22回日本アニメ史空前の大プロジェクト" [Anime-sama's Seven Ups and Eight Downs No. 22: The Unprecedented Project in Japanese Anime History]. Web Anime Style (in Japanese). Style Inc. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "宮崎駿監督幻の米デビュー作「リトル・ニモ」企画途中で離脱も、数々の出会いと「名作」が生まれ...(3)" [Director Hayao Miyazaki's elusive US debut film "Little Nemo": Despite his departure midway through the project, many encounters and a "masterpiece" were born... (3)]. Magmix (in Japanese). Media Vague. December 2, 2021. p. 3. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ Shimizu, Koji (January 14, 2004). "「ロサンゼルスの思い出2 ゲーリー・カーツ(Gary Kurtz)さん、フランクトーマスさんとオーリー・ジョンストンさん、池内辰夫さん(池ちゃん)と大塚康生さん」" [Memories of Los Angeles 2 Gary Kurtz, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, Tatsuo Ikeuchi (Ikechan) and Yasuo Otsuka] (in Japanese). NINGYONOIE ARCHIVES. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b "セガの歴史" [History of Sega]. Sega Official Website (in Japanese). Sega. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ "Merrill Lynch ups stake in TMS". The Japan Times. December 31, 2003. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
^ "Fun Biz Vol.2 第2期中間事業報告書 (2005年4月1日〜2005年9月30日)" [Fun Biz Vol.2 Second Interim Business Report (April 1, 2005 - September 30, 2005)] (in Japanese). Sega Sammy Holdings. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
^ "トムス・エンタテインメント制作部門、新スタジオ業務開始のお知らせ" (PDF).
^ "沿革" [History]. Sega Sammy Holdings Official Website (in Japanese). Retrieved June 5, 2024.
^ "セガ、「セガゲームス」に社名変更構造改革でグループ再編" [Sega changes its name to "Sega Games" as part of a restructuring and group reorganization]. ITmedia News (in Japanese). ITmedia. February 12, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
^ ^a ^b "MARZAについて" [About MARZA]. Marza Animation Planet Official Website (in Japanese). November 8, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

Subsidiaries and divisions

[edit]

The company has numerous animation subsidiaries and internal sub-divisions. Those include:

TMS Entertainment USA, Inc.: Established in 1996 as the Los Angeles studio division. In 2006, it was renamed to TMS Entertainment USA, Inc.
TMS Entertainment Europe SAS: Established in 2001 as the Paris studio division.^[1] In 2022, it was renamed to TMS Entertainment Europe SAS.
TMSLab (トムスラボ):^[2] On April 26, 2022, TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd. announced the establishment of TMS-Lab (原作工房TMS-Lab),^[3] where 'TMS' stands for 'Theme, Message, Story'. The associate web site went operational on April 21, 2022.^[4] On December 22, 2022, it was renamed to TMSLab(トムスラボ), and the web site was relocated.^[5]
Tokyo Movie Online (東京ムービーONLINE): On October 19, 2005, TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd. announced the establishment of Tokyo Movie Online video subscription platform.^[6]
Tokyo Movie (東京ムービー(トウキョウムービー)): On December 22, 2005, TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd. announced the beginning of the Tokyo Movie service for EZweb users, effective on the same day.^[7]
TMS MUSIC UK LTD.: Established on January 15, 2007.^[8]
TMS MUSIC HK LTD.: On February 14, 2007, TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd. announced the establishment of TMS MUSIC HK LTD., to be established in March 2007.^[8]
AG Bowl(エージーボウル): On April 21, 2008, TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd. announced the establishment of AG Bowl bowing facility in Ishioka, Ibaraki, to be opened 5 days later.^[9]
Anpanman Digital LLP:^[10] On June 11, 2008, TMS Entertainment Co., Ltd. announced the establishment of Anpanman Digital LLP (アンパンマンデジタルLLP) with Nippon Television and Froebel-Kan Co., Ltd., with each founding member invested 100 million yen, to be established 5 days later.^[11]
Telecom Animation Film Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社テレコム・アニメーションフィルム, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Terekomu Animēshon Firumu), a studio established on May 19, 1975. It first started as a subcontracting company for its parent, but has since become the leading animation studio behind the more recent Lupin the Third titles.^[12]^[13] The studio has also produced series like Chain Chronicle: The Light of Haecceitas,^[14] Orange,^[15] and Phantasy Star Online 2: The Animation.^[16]
Marza Animation Planet Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社マーザ・アニメーションプラネット, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Māza Animēshonpuranetto), a CG studio formerly a part of Sega and known for producing Space Pirate Captain Harlock,^[17] Resident Evil: Vendetta,^[18] and the 2020 Sonic the Hedgehog film.^[19] In 2023, Marza moved back into the Sega fold.
V1 Studio (Japanese: ヴィーワンスタジオ, Hepburn: Vīuwan Sutajio), a studio most known for co-producing the Detective Conan films since the 16th movie and the 2nd season (and OVAs) of Kamisama Kiss.^[20]
Double Eagle (Japanese: だぶるいーぐる, Hepburn: Daburuīguru), a studio most known for co-producing ReLIFE, Nana Maru San Batsu, and The Thousand Musketeers.^[21]
8PAN (Japanese: エイトパヌ, Hepburn: Eito Panu), a studio best known for co-producing Bakuon!!, D.Gray-man Hallow, and Dr. Stone.^[22]
3xCube (Japanese: スリーキューブ, Hepburn: Surīkyūbu), a studio known for producing The Pilot's Love Song, My Monster Secret, Sweetness and Lightning, and Megalobox.^[23]
Studio Sakimakura (Japanese: スタジオさきまくら, Hepburn: Sutajio Sakimakura), a studio founded in March 2011, and known for producing the second half of the first season of Cardfight!! Vanguard and Brave 10.
Trois Studio (Japanese: トロワスタジオ, Hepburn: Torowa Sutajio), a studio that produced Lupin III: Goodbye Partner, the 27th film special for the Lupin the Third franchise.^[24]
Seoul Movie, a South Korean animation studio based in Seoul, established in 1990 and closed sometime in the late 2000s.^{[citation needed]}

^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ TMSLab(トムスラボ)
^ "原作工房 TMSLab(トムスラボ)". 原作工房 TMSLab(トムスラボ). December 26, 2024.
^ "持続可能な日本のアニメ産業の未来をつくるための新しい挑戦クリエイターと共に〈漫画、WEB動画〉を創って、届けて、育てていく場所 "原作工房TMS-Lab(ティー・エム・エスラボ)"がスタート | プレスリリース". アニメーションの総合プロデュース会社トムス・エンタテインメント. April 26, 2022.
^ "クリエイターといっしょに創って、さまざまな場所から届けて、楽しんでくれるみんなで育ててく原作創出レーベル「TMSLab(トムスラボ)」12/22(木)本始動!新連載&新番組スタート | プレスリリース". アニメーションの総合プロデュース会社トムス・エンタテインメント. December 22, 2022.
^ "トムス・エンタテインメントの新事業ブロードバンド動画配信のサービス内容決定!" (PDF).
^ "トムス・エンタテインメントが名作アニメの動画を配信 EZweb公式サイトにて「東京ムービー」サービス開始" (PDF).
^ ^a ^b "トムス・エンタテインメント100%子会社、トムス・ミュージック、イギリスおよび香港法人設立音楽出版の現地法人を拠点にグローバルな楽曲管理・開発に新展開" (PDF).
^ "トムス・エンタテインメント初のボウリング施設「AG BOWL」がオープン〜アミューズメント施設「AG SQUARE石岡店」隣に、バッティング等を併設したボウリング施設「AG BOWL(エージーボウル)」が4月26日(土)にグランドオープン〜" (PDF).
^ "アンパンマン". アンパンマン公式ポータルサイト.
^ "「それいけ!アンパンマン」デジタルコンテンツ事業体フレーベル館、トムス・エンタテインメント、日本テレビ放送網 3社共同出資によるアンパンマンデジタルLLP(有限責任事業組合)設立" (PDF).
^ Nelkin, Sarah (April 20, 2015). "New Lupin III Anime to Premiere This Fall With Original Composer (Update)". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Loo, Egan (January 16, 2018). "Lupin III's 5th Anime Series Reveals Staff, April Debut, Modern Setting". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Pineda, Rafael Antonio (August 1, 2016). "Chain Chronicle Anime's Promo, Cast, Staff, 3-Part Theatrical Screenings Revealed". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Ressler, Karen (June 13, 2016). "Orange Anime's 2nd Promo Video Previews Theme Songs". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Ressler, Karen (December 29, 2015). "Sentai Filmworks Adds Phantasy Star Online 2: The Animation". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Loo, Egan (March 4, 2010). "Captain Harlock's New CG Pilot Images, Staff Revealed". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ "[MOVIE] 'RESIDENT EVIL' will be CG'd by a SEGA company behind SPACE PIRATE: CAPTAIN HARLOCK". MARZA ANIMATION PLANET. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Siegel, Tatiana (June 10, 2014). "'Sonic the Hedgehog' Movie in the Works at Sony". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Kamisama Kiss◎ (in Japanese). Event occurs at opening credits. アニメーション制作 - トムス・エンタテインメント / V1Studio [Animation Production - TMS Entertainment / V1 Studio]
^ The Thousand Musketeers (in Japanese). Event occurs at opening credits. 制作 - TMS / だぶるいーぐる [Production - TMS Entertainment / Double Eagle]
^ Dr. Stone (in Japanese). Event occurs at opening credits. アニメーション制作 - TMS / 8PAN [Animation Production - TMS Entertainment / 8PAN]
^ "Megalo Box CAST & STAFF" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Lupin III: Goodbye Partner (in Japanese). Event occurs at ending credits. アニメーション制作 - TMS / トロワス��ジオ [Animation Production - TMS Entertainment / Trois Studio]

Foreign production history

[edit]

TMS Entertainment/Telecom Animation Film

[edit]

Title	Broadcast network(s)	Year(s)
Mighty Orbots	ABC	September 8, 1984 – December 15, 1984
Sherlock Hound	Rai 1 / TV Asahi	November 6, 1984 – May 21, 1985
Sweet Sea		September 9, 1985^[1]
The Blinkins		April 5, September 6, November 29, 1986^[2]^[3]^[4]
Galaxy High School^[5]^{[unreliable source]}	CBS	September 13 – December 6, 1986
Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland		July 15, 1989
Reporter Blues	Rai 1 / NHK	1991–1996
Soccer Fever	Rai 1 / NHK	April 4, 1994 – April 3, 1995
Cybersix (Japanese-Canadian co-production with Network of Animation (NoA))	Teletoon / Kids Station / Telefe	September 6 – November 29, 1999

DIC Audiovisuel/DIC Entertainment

[edit]

Title	Broadcast network(s)	Year(s)
Ulysses 31	FR3 / Nagoya Broadcasting Network	October 10, 1981 – April 3, 1982
Lupin VIII	unaired	1982 (unaired)
Inspector Gadget (Season 1)	Syndication	September 5, 1983 – November 13, 1985
The Littles	ABC	September 10, 1983 – November 2, 1985
Rainbow Brite	Syndication	June 27, 1984 – July 24, 1986
Heathcliff and the Catillac Cats	Syndication	September 3, 1984 – September 30, 1985
Here Come the Littles		May 24, 1985
The Real Ghostbusters	ABC	September 13, 1986 – October 5, 1991
Dennis the Menace	Syndication	September 22, 1986 – March 26, 1988
Kissyfur	NBC	September 13, 1986 – August 25, 1990
Sylvanian Families	Syndication	September 18 – December 11, 1987
ALF: The Animated Series	NBC	September 26, 1987 – January 7, 1989
Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog	Syndication	September 6, 1993 – November 24, 1996

Disney Television Animation

[edit]

Title	Broadcast network(s)	Year(s)
The Wuzzles	CBS	September 14 – December 7, 1985
Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears (Season 1 to 4)	NBC ABC	September 14, 1985 – February 22, 1991
Fluppy Dogs	ABC	November 27, 1986
DuckTales (Season 1)	Syndication	September 18, 1987 – November 28, 1990
The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (Season 1 and half of Season 2)	The Disney Channel ABC	January 17, 1988 – October 26, 1991
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (Season 1)	The Disney Channel Syndication	August 27, 1988 – November 19, 1990
Gargoyles (Assistance for Walt Disney Animation Japan, "Hunter's Moon, Part 2")	Syndication ABC	October 24, 1994 – February 15, 1997
Winnie the Pooh: Seasons of Giving (Assistance for Walt Disney Animation Australia)	Direct to Video	November 9, 1999
The Tigger Movie (Assistance for Walt Disney Animation Japan)		February 11, 2000

Warner Bros. Animation

[edit]

Title	Broadcast network(s)	Year(s)
Tiny Toon Adventures	Syndication / Fox Kids	September 14, 1990 – May 28, 1995
Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation	Direct to Video	March 11, 1992
Batman: The Animated Series	Fox Kids	September 5, 1992 – September 15, 1995
Animaniacs	Fox Kids / The WB	September 13, 1993 – November 14, 1998
Pinky and the Brain ("A Pinky and the Brain Christmas")	The WB	September 9, 1995 – November 14, 1998
The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries (First season)		September 9, 1995 – December 18, 2002
Superman: The Animated Series		September 6, 1996 – February 12, 2000
Waynehead (Opening)		October 19, 1996 – May 17, 1997
The New Batman Adventures		September 13, 1997 – January 16, 1999
The Batman/Superman Movie: World's Finest	Direct to Video	October 4, 1997
Wakko's Wish	Direct to Video	December 21, 1999
Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker	Direct to Video	December 12, 2000
Green Lantern: First Flight	Direct to Video	July 28, 2009
Justice League: Doom	Direct to Video	February 28, 2012
Superman vs. The Elite	Direct to Video	June 12, 2012

Other productions

[edit]

Title	Production company(s)	Year(s)
The New Adventures of Zorro	Filmation	September 12 – December 5, 1981
The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers	Gaylord Entertainment Company	September 14 – December 11, 1986
Bionic Six	MCA Television	April 6 − November 12, 1987
Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light	Sunbow Productions	September 21 – December 14, 1987
Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates	Fox Children's Productions Southern Star Productions	September 8, 1990 – September 10, 1991
Spider-Man: The Animated Series	Marvel Films Animation	November 19, 1994 – January 31, 1998
An American Tail 3: The Treasure of Manhattan Island	Universal Cartoon Studios	November 16, 1998

^ "Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal".
^ "New York Magazine". April 7, 1986.
^ "New York Magazine". September 8, 1986.
^ "New York Magazine". December 1986.
^ Patten, Fred (September 15, 2013). "The "Teenagers From Outer Space" Genre". Cartoon Research. Retrieved May 28, 2014.

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