Science Saru, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社サイエンスSARU, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Saiensu SARU), stylized as Science SARU, is a Japanese independent animation studio headquartered in Kichijōji, Musashino, Tokyo. Established on February 4, 2013, by director Masaaki Yuasa^[1] and producer Eunyoung Choi, the studio has produced feature films and animated series, as well as co-productions, compilation films, and episodes of series for other studios. Science Saru's first animation was the "Food Chain" episode of the American animated series Adventure Time (2014);^[2] its most recent projects are the animated feature film Inu-Oh (2021),^[3] two short films for the animated anthology project Star Wars: Visions (2021),^[4] and the animated series The Heike Story (2021), Yurei Deco (2022), Scott Pilgrim Takes Off (2023), and Dandadan (2024).^[5]^[6]^[7]

The studio's work has received critical acclaim both within Japan and internationally, winning awards from Annecy,^[8]^[9] the Japan Academy Film Prize,^[10] the Mainichi Film Awards,^[11]^[12] and the Japan Media Arts Festival.^[13]^[14]

Science Saru utilizes a hybrid animation production method which combines hand-drawn animation and Flash animation, a technique not previously used in Japanese animation.^[15] The studio was led by Eunyoung Choi until 2025.^[16]

^ ^a ^b "Science SARU - About". Science SARU Official Website (in Japanese). Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
^ Loo, Egan (April 21, 2014). "Ping Pong/Kick-Heart's Yuasa Directs Adventure Time Episode". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
^ Mateo, Alex (July 26, 2021). "Masaaki Yuasa's Inu-Oh Anime Film Reveals Trailer, Cast, Staff, Early Summer 2022 Opening". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
^ "Anime Expo Lite: 20 Things We Learned from the Star Wars: Visions Panel". Lucasfilm. July 3, 2021. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
^ Pineda, Rafael Antonio (September 2, 2021). "Science SARU Reveals The Heike Story TV Anime by Naoko Yamada". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
^ @sciencesaru (February 20, 2022). 11/11 2022 Summer Science SARU New original TV animation series "YUREI DECO". We will deliver a lot of "love" to everyone this year. @YUREIDECO #ユーレイデコ #YUREIDECO (Tweet). Retrieved July 28, 2022 – via Twitter.
^ Gustines, George Gene (2023-11-15). "'Scott Pilgrim' Is Back, Now in Anime Form". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
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^ Inoa, Christopher (May 18, 2018). "Devilman Crybaby's Masaaki Yuasa might be the most important voice in anime right now". SYFY WIRE. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
^ "「第77回毎日映画コンクール」『ケイコ目を澄ませて』最多5冠沢田研二、岸井ゆきのら受賞". Oricon (in Japanese). January 19, 2023. Archived from the original on January 21, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
^ "Grand Prize - Lu Over the Wall | Animation Division | 2018 [21st]". Japan Media Arts Festival. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
^ "Grand Prize - Keep Your Hands Off Eizouken! | Animation Division | 2021 [24th]". Japan Media Arts Festival. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
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^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Name

[edit]

The studio's name, Science Saru, translates into English as "Science Monkey".^[1] Company co-founder Masaaki Yuasa frequently drew himself as a monkey in self-portraits, but wanted his company to be smarter than a monkey; as a result, he added the word Science in front of Saru with the intent of having a company that possesses both instinct and intelligence.^[2]

Co-founder Eunyoung Choi further described the meaning behind the name:

We thought about a lot of possible names for the studio... Science is like logic, business, numbers, plans, technology, and new tools. On the other hand, 'Saru' means monkey in Japanese. As animators, we put in creativity, intuition, art, enjoying moments and being playful… a kind of 'monkeying around'. We want to keep these personalities in Science Saru. Thus, we wanted to create a balance. 'Science' is in English, which highlights being international, and 'Saru' in Japanese maintains traditional anime.^[1]

^ ^a ^b Hanson, Kwok-Wai (December 10, 2019). "INTERVIEW: Science SARU Co-Founder Eunyoung Choi & Eizouken!". Anime Trending. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
^ "Lu Over the Wall Official Website - Staff". Lu Over the Wall Official Website (in Japanese). January 24, 2017. Retrieved July 8, 2020.

History

[edit]

Founding

[edit]

Science Saru was founded on February 4, 2013 by Masaaki Yuasa and Eunyoung Choi.^[1] Yuasa and Choi had previously worked together on numerous projects,^[2] and Choi had prior experience leading Ankama Japan, a studio which utilized similar digital animation production techniques and employed a multinational staff.^[3]^[4]^[5] The creation of the studio was proposed by Choi during the making of the short film Kick-Heart (2013),^[6] which was the first large-scale Japanese animated project to be successfully crowdfunded on Kickstarter.^[7] The studio's first official production under the Science Saru name was an episode of the American Adventure Time animated series entitled Food Chain (2014), on which Yuasa worked as director, writer, and storyboard artist; Choi served as co-director.^[1] By July 2014, the studio was also recognized for creating the digital animation for Yuasa's animated series Ping Pong the Animation (2014).^[8]

Science Saru's first production location was a small suburban house converted into an impromptu animation studio. By the end of 2013, the company had expanded to a staff of five, including Yuasa, Choi, and Abel Góngora, a former member of Ankama Japan;^[6]^[9] the studio's first productions began with this small crew.^[10]

Early work as a subcontractor (2014–2015)

[edit]

Science Saru began its corporate activities by taking on subcontracting work, as well as by collaborating with other studios on projects. The studio's first project was the Adventure Time episode Food Chain (2014). The episode was produced entirely in-house, and Yuasa and Choi were given free rein by series creator Pendleton Ward to develop the episode as they saw fit.^[11] Food Chain received critical acclaim as one of the best episodes of the series,^[12]^[13]^[14] was an official competition selection at Annecy,^[15] and was nominated for the Annie Award for Outstanding Television Direction.^[16] Another early highlight was Yuasa's television series Ping Pong the Animation (2014); Science Saru provided 'digitally assisted' animation production services,^[17] while Tatsunoko Production served as the primary studio. The series was awarded a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival,^[18] and won the Grand Prize for Television Animation at the Tokyo Anime Awards Festival; additionally, character designer and longtime collaborator Nobutake Ito won the Best Animator award for individual achievement.^[19] Ping Pong the Animation was subsequently highlighted as one of the best Japanese animated series of the decade.^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23] Science Saru also provided production assistance on a pair of episodes of the Bones television series Space Dandy (2014); and both received critical acclaim.^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]

Additional subcontracting work included opening credits animation for several of the animated Garo series (2014-15; 2017-18);^[17] animation assistance for Yo-kai Watch: The Movie (2014),^[17] a pair of Crayon Shin-chan films (2014, 2015),^[17] and Typhoon Noruda (2015); and animation production for the promotional mini-series What's Debikuro? (2014),^[17]^[29] the music video Song of Four Seasons (2015),^[17] and promotional episodes for the American animated series OK K.O.!: Let's Be Heroes (2015-17).^[17]

Move to feature films (2016–2017)

[edit]

By early 2016, Science Saru had gained experience and built a name in the industry; while still a small team, the company was ready to undertake its first large-scale project. The studio's first feature film production, the family-friendly fantasy film Lu Over the Wall (2017), was produced in less than 16 months using 'digitally assisted' animation techniques.^[10] Yuasa directed and co-wrote Lu Over the Wall; it was his first feature film with an original story.^[30] During the production of Lu Over the Wall, Yuasa and Science Saru were offered the opportunity to produce a second feature film, the comedy romance Night Is Short, Walk On Girl (2017), based on the novel by Tomihiko Morimi.^[31] Prior to the establishment of Science Saru, Yuasa had directed a television series adaptation of Morimi's novel The Tatami Galaxy (2010);^[32] Yuasa had originally hoped to adapt Night is Short, Walk On Girl immediately after that production, but was unable to at the time. When he was offered the opportunity in 2016, he immediately agreed. This resulted in the pre-production work on Night is Short, Walk On Girl overlapping with the post-production of Lu Over the Wall.^[33] Although Lu Over the Wall was completed first, it was released after Night is Short, Walk On Girl; this was in part due to a marketing suggestion that it might be preferable for the studio's first film to be based on a pre-existing property familiar to Japanese audiences.^[34]

Both Lu Over the Wall and Night is Short, Walk On Girl received immediate critical acclaim. Lu Over the Wall received the Annecy Cristal du long métrage,^[35]^[10] the Mainichi Film Awards' Ōfuji Noburō Award,^[36] and the Japan Media Arts Festival Grand Prize for Animation.^[37] The Night is Short, Walk On Girl was awarded the Japan Academy Film Prize for Animation of the Year,^[38] the Ottawa International Animation Festival Grand Prize for Best Animated Feature,^[39] a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival,^[40] and has been listed as one of the best Japanese animated films of the decade.^[41]^[42]^[43]

International success and Netflix partnership (2018–2019)

[edit]

2018 was the year that saw Science Saru, and in particular Masaaki Yuasa, achieve international recognition and prominence.^[44] Lu Over the Wall and Night is Short, Walk On Girl, as well as Yuasa's pre-Science Saru feature film Mind Game (2004), were licensed for North American distribution by GKIDS.^[45] Most significant to Science Saru's growing popularity was the Netflix release of Yuasa's animated series Devilman Crybaby (2018), based on the manga by Go Nagai.^[46] The series represented a dramatic scaling up of Science Saru's production capacity; prior to this project, the company had operated with a limited staff of 20-25 people, but work on the series necessitated expansion, including the hiring of episode directors and new creative talents.^[47] Devilman Crybaby was an immediate and massive international hit;^[48]^[49] with 90% of its viewers outside Japan, the series achieved the largest global audience for the studio to that date.^[50] The series inspired internet memes,^[36]^[51] was profiled by YouTuber PewDiePie,^[52] and was widely discussed on Twitter.^[53] The series was nominated in 7 categories at the Crunchyroll Anime Awards and won for Anime of the Year and director of the Year,^[54] was awarded a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival,^[55] was cited by Vulture as containing one of the 100 most influential sequences in global animation history,^[56] and was listed as one of the best Japanese animated series of the decade.^[20]^[21]^[22]^[57]^[58]

In 2019, Science Saru produced Yuasa's next feature film, the romance Ride Your Wave (2019). An original story,^[59] the film earned Science Saru the studio's best reviews to date.^[60] Ride Your Wave was an official competition selection at Annecy,^[61] was nominated for the Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film, was nominated for Annie Awards in the categories of Best Indie Feature and Outstanding Feature Film Direction,^[62] received a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival,^[63] and won Best Animated Feature Film awards at the Shanghai International Film Festival,^[64] Fantasia International Film Festival,^[65] and Sitges Film Festival.^[66] Also in 2019, Science Saru produced the series Super Shiro (2019), an installment of the popular Crayon Shin-chan franchise created by Yoshito Usui. The series was directed by Yuasa and veteran animator Tomohisa Shimoyama (making his directorial debut). Yuasa's involvement was the culmination of a long association with Crayon Shin-chan, having first animated for the franchise in the 1990s.^[67]^[68] The end of the year saw the 2010s heralded as Masaaki Yuasa's "breakout decade";^[69]^[70] collectively, Devilman crybaby and the release of Yuasa's films in the United States led to him being highlighted as one of the most important and exciting directors in animation.^[36]^[50]^[71]

In 2020, Science Saru produced the comedy television series Keep Your Hands Off Eizouken! (2020). Directed by Yuasa and based on the manga by Sumito Ōwara,^[72] the series boosted sales of the original manga,^[73] inspired internet memes,^[74]^[75] and won the Japanese Broadcast Critics Association's monthly Galaxy Award during its broadcast run.^[76] Following the conclusion of the broadcast, Keep Your Hands Off Eizouken! received critical acclaim as one of the best Japanese animated series of both the season that it aired and the year as a whole,^[77]^[78]^[79]^[80]^[81]^[82]^[83] and was recognized by The New York Times and The New Yorker as one of the best television series of 2020.^[84]^[85] The series was nominated in 10 categories at the Crunchyroll Anime Awards and won for Director of the Year and Best Animation,^[86] was awarded the Grand Prize for Television Animation at the Tokyo Anime Awards Festival,^[87] and received the Japan Media Arts Festival Grand Prize for Animation.^[88] Later that year, Science Saru produced the Netflix series Japan Sinks: 2020 (2020), based on the disaster novel by Sakyo Komatsu. Yuasa directed in conjunction with Pyeon-Gang Ho, who made her directorial debut with the series.^[89] The series attracted criticism within Japan for its condemnation of Japanese nationalism,^[90] but also received positive attention for its multiculturalism and inclusiveness,^[91] and was named as one of the best Japanese animated series of 2020.^[81]^[92] The first episode of the series was awarded the Annecy Jury Prize for a Television Series,^[93] and the series as a whole received two nominations at the Crunchyroll Anime Awards.^[86] A film compilation version of the series was subsequently released in Japanese theaters in November 2020,^[94] and was awarded a Jury Selection Prize at the Japan Media Arts Festival.^[95]

New CEO and COVID-19 (2020–2023)

[edit]

On March 25, 2020, Masaaki Yuasa stepped down as president and representative director of Science Saru. Yuasa cited his desire to take a rest from directing after seven years of continuous work, but reaffirmed his commitment to completing additional projects with Science Saru in the future.^[96] Eunyoung Choi subsequently became CEO and president of the studio. She likewise affirmed Yuasa's continued involvement with the company as a creator,^[97] and noted that the studio will look to develop additional projects with other directors.^[91]^[98] During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, Science Saru was able to adjust quickly and continue production,^[91]^[99] despite much of the Japanese animation industry being affected.^[100] In October 2020, Science Saru entered into a non-exclusive strategic partnership with Netflix covering the development of new series and content.^[101]

In early 2021, Yuasa was recognized by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs, which awarded him the Cabinet Minister Award for Media Fine Arts for his significant career achievements with Science Saru, as well as for his works prior to establishing the studio.^[102] Later that year, Yuasa was further recognized with the Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon by the Japanese government in recognition of his distinguished contributions to artistic and cultural development.^[103]

In fall 2021, Science Saru released a pair of interrelated projects: the Masaaki Yuasa feature film Inu-Oh (2021), and the animated television series The Heike Story (2021). Based on the novel by Hideo Furukawa and featuring character designs by Ping Pong creator Taiyō Matsumoto, Inu-Oh is a musical drama film set during the 14th Century in Japan which centers on the unique and unexpected friendship between two traveling Noh performers. The film premiered at the 78th Venice International Film Festival on September 9, 2021, with a worldwide theatrical release to follow in 2022.^[104]^[105] The film was licensed for North American theatrical and home-video distribution by GKIDS,^[106] and was released in US theaters in August 2022.^[107] Upon its debut on the international festival circuit, Inu-Oh received immediately critical acclaim and excellent reviews from international critics,^[108] was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film,^[109] and won the Mainichi Film Awards' Ōfuji Noburō Award and the Best Animated Feature Film award at the Fantasia International Film Festival.^[110]^[111] Produced simultaneously with Inu-Oh, the television series The Heike Story adapts author Hideo Furukawa's translation of the epic ancient Japanese historical narrative The Tale of the Heike. The series was directed by Naoko Yamada and focuses on both the politics and devastation of the Genpei War, a cataclysmic civil war in the 12th Century that divided Japan, and the personal lives and tragedies of the women of both warring clans who are caught up in the conflict. The series premiered on September 15, 2021 in North America on the Funimation streaming service, with premieres the following day on the Japanese streaming service FOD (operated by Fuji TV) and the Chinese streaming service Bilibili; a Japanese television broadcast on Fuji TV's +Ultra programming block followed in January 2022.^[112]^[113] Following the conclusion of its streaming release, The Heike Story was named one of the best series of 2021,^[114]^[115]^[116]^[117]^[118]^[119] and was nominated in 3 categories for the 2022 Anime Trending Awards.^[120]

Additionally, in September 2021, Science Saru produced two short films for the animated anthology project Star Wars: Visions (2021). The shorts, entitled Akakiri and T0-B1, were part of a nine-film anthology of shorts, all of which premiered on September 22 worldwide on Disney+. Akakiri was directed by Eunyoung Choi and centers on the story of a princess and a Jedi, while T0-B1 was directed by Abel Góngora and follows the adventures of a droid who dreams of becoming a Jedi and exploring the galaxy.^[121]^[122] The anthology as a whole received stellar reviews,^[123] with Science Saru's films highlighted as particular standouts.^[124]^[125]^[126]^[127]^[128] Star Wars: Visions was heralded as one of the best animated projects of the year,^[114]^[117]^[118]^[119]^[129]^[130]^[131]^[132]^[133]^[134] as well as one of the best Star Wars titles in a decade or more.^[135]^[136]^[137] Episodes of the anthology project were also nominated for multiple awards.^[138]^[139]^[140]

In 2022, Science Saru released the original television animation series Yurei Deco. Directed by Tomohisa Shimoyama,^[141] written by Dai Satō,^[142] and based on a concept by Masaaki Yuasa,^[143] the series drew inspiration from Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and premiered to excellent reviews.^[143]^[144]^[145]

Science Saru's following project was an animated adaptation of the novel Tatami Time Machine Blues. Based on the novel of the same name written by Tomihiko Morimi and derived from a concept by Makoto Ueda, Tatami Time Machine Blues serves as a sequel to The Tatami Galaxy, which Yuasa adapted as a television series in April 2010, prior to the establishment of Science Saru.^[146] The project was directed by Shingo Natsume, while screenwriter Makoto Ueda, character designer Yusuke Nakamura, and the majority of the original Japanese voice cast reprise their creative roles from The Tatami Galaxy.^[147]^[148] The project initially debuted as a series on Disney+ in 2022, with a theatrical compilation film following later that year;^[149] the Disney+ release included an original episode that was not part of the theatrical compilation.^[148]

Toho subsidiary (2024–present)

[edit]

On May 23, 2024, it was announced that Toho would buy all of Science SARU's shares and make it a subsidiary, which was completed by June 19 the same year.^[150]

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^ @storyriders (February 24, 2022). 9/11 オリジナルTVアニメーションシリーズ『ユーレイデコ』キーワード「ユーレイ」シリーズ構成：佐藤大コメント「この街に出る“ユーレイ”は、化けて出るようなオバケではありませんよ」 @YUREIDECO #ユーレイデコ #YUREIDECO (Tweet). Retrieved February 24, 2022 – via Twitter.
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Style and studio environment

[edit]

Science Saru utilizes a combination of traditional hand drawn animation and digital animation created using multiple software programs, including Adobe Animate. The studio refers to its animation production method and resultant style as 'digitally assisted animation.' When utilizing 'digitally assisted animation', the initial animation work, called key animation (where the key poses of movement are established), is drawn by hand, and then recreated digitally for the stages of inbetween animation (used to create smooth movement by filling in the gaps between keyframe poses), as well as for coloring.^[1] The advantage of this production technique is increased efficiency, allowing projects to be completed faster and with a smaller crew;^[1]^[2] the small team focus allows for a strong understanding of the director's artistic vision.^[2] This approach to animation production has won praise from creators and industry publications.^[3]

Science Saru's diversity is also unique among Japanese animation studios: it employs a multicultural animation staff. According to Choi, staff are chosen based on skill regardless of national origin, and the inclusion of global perspectives helps create more well-rounded stories.^[2]^[4]

^ ^a ^b was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cardine, Kyle (January 24, 2020). "INTERVIEW: Science Saru Co-Founder On Yuasa's Habit of Googling Himself". Crunchyroll. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Schley, Matt (July 3, 2020). "Japan Sinks: 2020: When disaster strikes, keep your family close". The Japan Times. Retrieved July 13, 2020.

Awards and acclaim

[edit]

Science Saru's projects have received significant global acclaim. The studio's works have been recognized by the Annecy International Animated Film Festival (2 wins, 2 nominations),^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] the Japan Academy Film Prize Association (1 win),^[5] the Golden Globe Awards (1 nomination),^[6] the Mainichi Film Awards (2 wins, 1 nomination),^[7]^[8] the Japan Media Arts Festival (2 wins, 5 jury selections),^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] the Tokyo Anime Awards (3 wins),^[16]^[17] the Crunchyroll Anime Awards (4 wins, 16 nominations),^[18]^[19] the Ottawa International Animation Festival (1 win, 1 nomination),^[20] the Shanghai International Film Festival (1 win, 1 nomination)^[21] the Sitges Film Festival (1 win, 2 nominations),^[22]^[23] the Fantasia International Film Festival (2 wins, 1 silver, 1 bronze),^[24]^[25]^[26] the Satellite Awards (1 nomination),^[27] and the Annie Awards (3 nominations).^[28]^[29]

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^ "Ottawa International Animation Festival 2017 Program Book". Issuu. 20 September 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "50 International Film Festival of Catalonia- Sitges 2017". FilmAffinity. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Milligan, Mercedes (August 3, 2017). "Fantasia Announces 2017 Winners". Animation Magazine. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
^ Anderson, Erik (December 8, 2022). "Top Gun: Maverick leads International Press Academy's 27th Satellite Awards nominations". Awards Watch. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
^ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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Studios

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